WHY ARE DFDS SO DAMN HARD???????
THE FOLLOWING IS A QUESTION i RECEIVED ON WHICH I'M TO BUILD A DFD????
ANY HELP YOU COULD GIVE WOULD BE GREATLY APPRECIATED......
Sports Case Studies for DFDs ERDs etc
Fixture Planning and Operations – Get ready for the big match
Processes=29.
External Entities=2.
Data Stores=8.
The FFA is examining its administration set up with a view to eventually computerising some or all of its operations.
The following is an account of how it manages the organising and running of a game of football.
When a game is to be played the games organiser first of all tries to arrange a venue to host the game and arrange a referee to take charge of the fixture. He looks up a map to identify the best general area to host the game, and then using FFA association handbook (published annually), he identifies the venues that are most suitable for the fixture. The choice of venue is as far as possible a stadium that is half way between the two teams that are due to play. He then looks at the Master Fixture List (MFL) to get an idea of what venues in that area are due to host games that week and tries to identify venues that might be available during the week (During the winter months a venue might be only able to host one game per week, and lighting is also an issue). He phones club officials to enquiring about pitch availability, and keeps contacting other clubs in the area until he finds a club with a pitch that can accommodate the game.
He then examines the Approved Referees List (ARL) to try and find a suitably qualified referee for the fixture. (There are different grades of referee – those who can officiate at underage club level, those who can officiate at adult club level, those who can officiate at underage county level, those who can officiate at adult county level). On identifying eligible referees (ideally those who live close to the venue), he again checks the MFL to ensure that the referee isn’t already on duty on that day. Having clarified this, he nominates a referee to take charge of the fixture. The games organiser then records the details of newly arranged fixture (match) on the Master Fixture List.
The games organiser then notifies all of the relevant parties about the fixture. A letter is drafted and sent outlining the venue, date, referee, and competing teams. He consults his various documents and files to clarify that the details on the letter are 100% accurate. This letter is sent to the two teams and to the referee. A copy is also sent to the club (or other unit of the association) that is hosting the game so that arrangements can be made for match day. The contact details for the two teams and the referee are obtained from the FFA association handbook.
In order that the two teams and their management personnel can get access to the stadium and the dressing room and sideline areas, the match organiser sends both squads a batch of match day passes (the number of passes depends on the type, grade, and level of competition – usually a minimum of 20 and rarely above 40).
The games organiser then contacts the media (papers, radio, tv, photographers etc) by either a phone call or a short letter to make them aware of the fixture. He has the contact details for the main local and national media organisations noted in his FFA diary. Those media personnel that notify the games organiser of their plans to cover the fixture are issued with an appropriate media pass (noted on it are the date, time, venue, the stile they enter at etc) as well as a special code that indicates what level of access the individual gets. For instance, some media people are admitted to the press box only, while others (eg photographers) can get to the sideline only. Media personnel may not enter the grounds on match day unless they have the appropriate pass.
At this stage, the games organiser keeps in regular contact with the host club in the lead up to the game. The host club in consultation with the games organiser devises a plan for the day of the game. The bigger the fixture, the more comprehensive this plan needs to be. He notifies the stewards (who volunteer their services free of charge to the FFA) and other support personnel (health and safety, groundsmen) about the fixture and confirms their availability. All of those are briefed (either in writing or at a meeting) about the forthcoming fixture, the anticipated crowd, parking and other challenges that they need to be ready for on match day. An essential part of the pre match plan is the communication between the games organiser, local gardai and the emergency services. Depending on the anticipated attendance, and other logistical issues, a special traffic plan may need to be drawn up (detailing diversions, special parking arrangements etc) for match day. The games organiser, the host club, the local gardai and the emergency services all contribute to this plan. When it completed, it is forwarded to the two teams, match referee, as well as the media. A copy of the finalised match plan is held in the Match Plan Folder (and stored in the filing cabinet located in the meeting room) of the club staging the game.
In the couple of hours leading up to the game, the teams, mentors, media, and match officials (referee, umpires etc) start to arrive. The teams and match officials enter at a designated stile at one section of the ground and the media are admitted at another. The stewards on duty at those styles collect the special “PASSES” that admit those people, and note the number of people in each of the two competing teams (ie the total number of players, mentors etc). Likewise, as each media person arrives, a senior steward at the designated style checks their pass, and notes who has turned up on his Match Media Check list (which he gets on the morning of the match). There are always more media personnel wishing to cover the game than the FFA can accommodate – so anyone from the media (who received a pass) who doesn’t show up is noted and may not receive a pass the next time they request one! The games organiser takes the Match Media Check list after the games, and files it in his Media Contacts folder.
During the match day, the senior steward is in regular contact with all volunteers. Any incidents that occurred between the time the stadium was opened to allow spectators enter and the time they left after the game is over, are recorded, as are the details of how it was dealt with. Particular note is taken of injuries to spectators while in the stadium, as well as any illnesses etc that required intervention by medical personnel. Shortly after the game, all of the personnel who volunteered as stewards on match day as well as representatives of the gardai and the emergency services meet for a post match review. From this review a Match Operations Report is compiled and is stored in the Match Day Review List file, where it can be referenced for future planning.
After the match is over, the games organiser drafts a letter thanking the host club for accommodating the game, and likewise sends a letter to the referee who covered the game.
Monday, March 30, 2009
Friday, March 27, 2009
Data Flow Diagrams
Guide Dog Training_Dfd_ERD_Case_Study
Processes = Red(32)
External Entities = Green(3)
Data Stores = Blue(6)
Guide Dog Training and Assignment to Clients (People with serious visual impairment). The Guide Dog Association (GDA) buys, trains, and assigns (matches) guide dogs with eligible clients. Breeders provide the dogs for GDA and then they are trained by team of trainers, then assigned to a client (sometimes the client and the dog don’t really work well together so the dog is returned and a different dog assigned to the client). When the dog is retired, it usually spends the rest of its days as a pet for someone
The GDA over time has refined and enhanced its procedures from the initial contact with the Breeder to allocating the dog to a client and supporting the client during those first weeks, and eventually returning the dog and replacing it with a different dog.
When the GDA need new dogs for clients, they send information to the breeders they have on file, requesting dogs of a certain breed and age that will be trained by its team of specialist trainers before being allocated to a client – a dog usually remains with a client for a period of 5 to 7 years, before it starts to slow down. At that stage it is replaced by a newly trained dog. The GDA also places adverts in the newspaper media, in order to encourage breeders that aren’t on its books to reply. The breeders that reply send in details of the dogs, dob, breed, tempermeant, level it has reached on the training programme, and the selling price for the dog. If new breeders that haven’t supplied dogs before, appear at this stage, their details are taken and added to the breeder file.
If there are dogs that appear to be suitable on the lists that are submitted by the breeders, the dog selection unit (DSU) at GDA HQ invite the breeders to bring those dogs to a GDA centre for inspection and assessment. The GDA has a panel of trainers who are able to identify the positive and negative traits in dogs during the brief assessment. The GDA purchases those dogs that it believes have potential and assigns each dog to one of its trainers. A trainer may however have a number of dogs to work with it any point in time. During the time that the dog is in training, it is assessed and marked at each of the stages in the training programme. It spends some time with each of the different trainers, in order to give it as broad a range of experience as possible. During the training programme the dog spends time on each of the tasks that he is likely to be expected to do when assigned to a client. The dog will be taken shopping, to the bank/post office, the railway and bus stations, local churches, as well as hotels, pubs and restaurants. A detailed profile is built up of the dogs progress is built up as assessments are held and scored a couple of times every week. The GDA has a list of routes of varying types (urban/rural, traffic lights, roundabouts, bus stops, shopping centres) that each dog will be introduced to during its training programme. A detailed log is kept for every “training lesson/session” that a dog undertakes – the date, time, weather, hazards, the main objective of the lesson, and how well the dog performed to meet those objectives. The trainers meet regularly and analyse the progress of the dog under different headings and if necessary, the training programme for a particular dog will be refined to ensure that the dog reaches the required standard under all the mandatory sections of the guide dog training programme.
As the dog enters the latter phases of the training programme, the Dog Training Unit supervisor checks his list of clients and identifes those currently at the top of the waiting list. Each of the clients is assessed-level of eyesight loss, mobility, illness, where the person lives(urban or rural) are all considered when pairing the dog and the client. The dog is then brought by its trainer to the home of the potential client, and the trainer takes it along the routes it will typically use after assignment to the client. Again, the dog is scored on how well it performs at this critical stage of its training. If it doesn’t meet the minimum standard, it is withdrawn and a different dog is tested on the same route. When a dog succeeds in doing well on the routes frequented by its intended client, the dog is introduced to the client. If the client already has a dog, the old dog leaves before the new dog arrives. During the early weeks of its assignment, a trainer (not necessarily one that the dog is familiar with), stays in the area, and observes the client and the dog working together. He notes any aspects of the dog client working relationship that warrant corrective intervention. Some hints and tips given to the client may iron out any minor problems. However, if there are problems that endanger the client, the dog is taken aside each day for some specialised training to address the specific problems. Again, a detailed log is maintained of the dogs progress on correcting those behaviours.
Once the observation period is over, the client is by and large left to work away with the dog. A help line, staffed by experienced guide dog trainers is open during the working week to deal with any queries the client may have regarding the dog, its health, diet etc. Once a year, an inspector/trainer visits to observe the dog in action.
When a Guide dog is retired, the GDA contacts the list of Retired Dog Carers – people who have expressed an in interest in taking on and caring for a retired dog after its working life has finished. Before a dog is donated/handed over to a carer, ???
The GDA has a number of branches/centres throughout the country. Each has its own dedicated group of GDTs,
Processes = Red(32)
External Entities = Green(3)
Data Stores = Blue(6)
Guide Dog Training and Assignment to Clients (People with serious visual impairment). The Guide Dog Association (GDA) buys, trains, and assigns (matches) guide dogs with eligible clients. Breeders provide the dogs for GDA and then they are trained by team of trainers, then assigned to a client (sometimes the client and the dog don’t really work well together so the dog is returned and a different dog assigned to the client). When the dog is retired, it usually spends the rest of its days as a pet for someone
The GDA over time has refined and enhanced its procedures from the initial contact with the Breeder to allocating the dog to a client and supporting the client during those first weeks, and eventually returning the dog and replacing it with a different dog.
When the GDA need new dogs for clients, they send information to the breeders they have on file, requesting dogs of a certain breed and age that will be trained by its team of specialist trainers before being allocated to a client – a dog usually remains with a client for a period of 5 to 7 years, before it starts to slow down. At that stage it is replaced by a newly trained dog. The GDA also places adverts in the newspaper media, in order to encourage breeders that aren’t on its books to reply. The breeders that reply send in details of the dogs, dob, breed, tempermeant, level it has reached on the training programme, and the selling price for the dog. If new breeders that haven’t supplied dogs before, appear at this stage, their details are taken and added to the breeder file.
If there are dogs that appear to be suitable on the lists that are submitted by the breeders, the dog selection unit (DSU) at GDA HQ invite the breeders to bring those dogs to a GDA centre for inspection and assessment. The GDA has a panel of trainers who are able to identify the positive and negative traits in dogs during the brief assessment. The GDA purchases those dogs that it believes have potential and assigns each dog to one of its trainers. A trainer may however have a number of dogs to work with it any point in time. During the time that the dog is in training, it is assessed and marked at each of the stages in the training programme. It spends some time with each of the different trainers, in order to give it as broad a range of experience as possible. During the training programme the dog spends time on each of the tasks that he is likely to be expected to do when assigned to a client. The dog will be taken shopping, to the bank/post office, the railway and bus stations, local churches, as well as hotels, pubs and restaurants. A detailed profile is built up of the dogs progress is built up as assessments are held and scored a couple of times every week. The GDA has a list of routes of varying types (urban/rural, traffic lights, roundabouts, bus stops, shopping centres) that each dog will be introduced to during its training programme. A detailed log is kept for every “training lesson/session” that a dog undertakes – the date, time, weather, hazards, the main objective of the lesson, and how well the dog performed to meet those objectives. The trainers meet regularly and analyse the progress of the dog under different headings and if necessary, the training programme for a particular dog will be refined to ensure that the dog reaches the required standard under all the mandatory sections of the guide dog training programme.
As the dog enters the latter phases of the training programme, the Dog Training Unit supervisor checks his list of clients and identifes those currently at the top of the waiting list. Each of the clients is assessed-level of eyesight loss, mobility, illness, where the person lives(urban or rural) are all considered when pairing the dog and the client. The dog is then brought by its trainer to the home of the potential client, and the trainer takes it along the routes it will typically use after assignment to the client. Again, the dog is scored on how well it performs at this critical stage of its training. If it doesn’t meet the minimum standard, it is withdrawn and a different dog is tested on the same route. When a dog succeeds in doing well on the routes frequented by its intended client, the dog is introduced to the client. If the client already has a dog, the old dog leaves before the new dog arrives. During the early weeks of its assignment, a trainer (not necessarily one that the dog is familiar with), stays in the area, and observes the client and the dog working together. He notes any aspects of the dog client working relationship that warrant corrective intervention. Some hints and tips given to the client may iron out any minor problems. However, if there are problems that endanger the client, the dog is taken aside each day for some specialised training to address the specific problems. Again, a detailed log is maintained of the dogs progress on correcting those behaviours.
Once the observation period is over, the client is by and large left to work away with the dog. A help line, staffed by experienced guide dog trainers is open during the working week to deal with any queries the client may have regarding the dog, its health, diet etc. Once a year, an inspector/trainer visits to observe the dog in action.
When a Guide dog is retired, the GDA contacts the list of Retired Dog Carers – people who have expressed an in interest in taking on and caring for a retired dog after its working life has finished. Before a dog is donated/handed over to a carer, ???
The GDA has a number of branches/centres throughout the country. Each has its own dedicated group of GDTs,
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